Gender Aspects in Driving Style and Its Impact on Battery Ageing

The long and tiring discussion of who are the best drivers, men or women, is not answered in this article. This article, though, sheds some light on the actual differences that can be seen in how men and women drive. In this study, GPS-recorded driving dynamics data from 123 drivers, 48 women and 75 men, are analysed and drivers are categorised as aggressive, normal or gentle. A total of 10% of the drivers was categorised as aggressive, with an even distribution between the genders. For the gentle drivers, 11% of the drivers, the men dominated. The driving style investigation was extended to utilise machine learning, confirming the results from statistical tools. As driving style highly impacts a vehicle\u27s fuel consumption, while switching over to battery electric vehicles it is important to investigate how the different driving styles impact battery utilisation. Two Li-ion battery cell types were tested utilising the same load cycle with three levels of current amplitude, to represent accelerations for the three drive categories. While one cell type was insensitive to the current amplitude, the highly energy-optimised cell proved to be sensitive to higher current amplitudes, corresponding to a more aggressive driving style. Thus, the amplitude of the dynamic current can for some cells be a factor that needs to be considered for lifetime predictions, while it can be neglected for other cells

Multidisciplinary Cooling Design Tool for Electric Vehicle SiC Inverters Utilizing Transient 3D-CFD Computations

This paper proposes a new design tool that can be used for the development of a proper cooling component for high-power three-phase SiC module-packs for electric vehicles. Specifically, a multidisciplinary approach of the design process is presented that is based on the accurate electrical, thermal and fluid-mechanics modeling as well as computational testing of a high-power three-phase SiC modulepack under transient-load conditions, so that it can effectively meet the highly-demanding cooling requirements of an electric vehicle inverter. The cooling plate is initially designed by using steady-statebased 3D-computational-fluid-dynamic (CFD) tool, as in a conventional method. Then, the proposed design algorithm fine-tunes it through transient 3D-CFD computations by following a specific iterative improvement procedure considering the heat dissipation requirements for the SiC power switchesduring the official driving cycles for passenger vehicles and during abrupt acceleration tests under several ambient environments. Therefore, not only overheating at all operating conditions is avoided, but also, accurate thermal modeling of the individual inverter modules is provided that can be used forlifetime estimations and for calculating the overload capability of the inverter. The design improvement attained with the proposed procedure against the conventional steady-state approach is validated on a traction 450 A SiC inverter with the model of a real passenger vehicle

VEHICLE AS A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING RESOURCE

Distributed computing vehicles (e.g., using a computerized tool) are enabled. For example, a system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components, and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer executable components comprise: a request component that determines a compute request received via a network from a network device registered to use the system, and a resource component that, in response to a compute criterion associated with a vehicle communicatively coupled to the network being determined to be satisfied, allocates at least some compute resources of the vehicle to the compute request

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LARGE SCALE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

An additive manufacturing system capable of large-scale production. The additive manufacturing system comprises a pulsed laser arranged to emit coherent light towards a rotating reflecting element, wherein the rotating reflecting element is arranged to reflect a laser pulse towards a plurality of light-redirecting elements. Each light-redirecting element is further arranged to receive and redirect the laser pulse towards a work surface which may be based on one or more conveyor-belts. The raw material on the belt, such as a metal-based material for additive manufacturing, is supplied continuously to enable a ceaseless production line

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING A SENSOR IN AN EXHAUST SYSTEM

An arrangement adapted for removing soot from an exhaust gas sensor in an exhaust gas system of a vehicle comprising a combustion engine, where the arrangement comprises a fluid outlet arranged in an exhaust gas conduit, and where the fluid outlet is adapted to impinge a blast of fluid on the exhaust gas sensor. The advantage of the invention is that an exhaust gas sensor can easily be cleaned in order to ensure a correct reading from the sensor

On Gas Turbine Diagnostics with Emphasis on Combustion Chambers

The thesis aims to analyse the gas turbine based energy conversion systems with the emphasis on combustion chambers. The investigation is mainly experimental at a component level. The majority of investigations concentrate on gaseous fuel firing. The influence of swirl, heat release and combustor geometry on the turbulent flows in a generic premixed gas turbine combustor, is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The goal is to characterize the main flow structures and turbulence in a model combustor that is relevant to gas turbines during Natural Gas firing. An explanation for the underlying mechanisms is presented to describe the effect of swirl, heat release and outlet contraction on the flow field. CO, NOx and total unburned HC were measured at the outlet of the combustor, and the influence of mass flow rate, inlet temperature, and addition of CO2– diluent was investigated. The combustor’s behaviour, particularly in the lean part of its range of operation, was investigated to assess some of the problems associated with combustion in suggested power plants for CO2 rich bio-fuels and CO2 capture/sequestration. The partially reformed mixtures can be formed using biomass. Before combusting these mixtures in a gas turbine, experimental work was done on the generic combustion chamber to examine the off-design combustor behaviour when switching from natural gas to the wet and dry generic hydrogen-rich mixtures. The thesis reports work on liquid atomisation. Although technical applications make use of well distributed and finely dispersed sprays, the injectors may operate under off-design conditions of low Weber numbers. A low We water spray subjected to an air cross-flow which similar to pre-vaporisers of lean premixed pre-vaporising (LPP) burners is studied. PIV and PDA have been used to quantify both the continuous and dispersed phases. A long range microscope has been used to characterize the column breakup process. Investigation of synthetic liquid fuel combustion in the generic combustor has been a part of this thesis. An experimental comparison of the synthetic jet fuel and jet A1 is performed. Emissions of NOX, CO and HC, ignition and extinction points, liner temperatures, soot levels in the combustor are studied. Modern gas turbine compressors are sensitive to changes in profile shape and to surface roughness with their highly loaded blades. The remedy to fouling problem is washing. The thesis work includes an investigation of the two-phase flow in the bellmouth of the compressor during off-line washing conditions. The main emphasis has been on studying the characteristics of the injected spray used for cleaning of the compressor. The used nozzles are akin to pressure swirl nozzles for liquid fuel injection. To provide with accurate boundary conditions for the spray, laser-based measurements of a spray, originating from an authentic wash nozzle, have been conducted. The other branch of this study aims to describe the behaviour of a generic combustor under off-design conditions that are reflecting the current trend of bio-fuels in the gas turbine power industry. Since it is rather rare to have custom-built gas turbines for low calorific value operation, the engine will be forced to operate outside its design envelope. Typical restraints are decrease in Wobbe-index and surge- and flutter-margins for turbomachinery. In this study, an advanced performance deck has been used to quantify the impact of firing low calorific value gases in a generic type gas turbine. A single-shaft gas turbine characterized by a compressor and an expander map is considered. Emphasis has been put on predicting the off-design behavior. The combustor is discussed and related to previous experiments which include investigation of flammability limits, Wobbe-index, flame position, etc

Permanent magnet motor with field weakening arrangement

The invention relates to a permanent magnet motor, comprising: a stator configured for generating a time-varying magnetic field; a rotor, arranged inside of the stator, comprising at least one permanent magnet providing a constant magnetic field; the permanent magnet being made of a flexible material; the stator being configured for rotating the rotor by taking along the constant magnetic field of the rotor with the time-varying magnetic field of the stator; the rotor comprising a field weakening mechanical arrangement configured for weakening a flux of the permanent magnet motor; the field weakening mechanical arrangement supporting the permanent magnet and comprising a recess configured for allowing the permanent magnet to be deformed by a centrifugal force provided by the rotation of the rotor

CLEANING SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE COMPONENT

A cleaning system for removal of contaminants from a surface of a vehicle component exposed to a gas or fluid flow, the cleaning system comprising: an excitation device adapted to be attached to the vehicle component in the vicinity of the surface exposed to contaminants, wherein the excitation device is configured to cause the surface to mechanically vibrate by transferring a vibrational excitation to the surface; wherein the frequency of the vibrational excitation is controllable to be based on the configuration of the vehicle component as well as other modelled/measured parameters

Monitoring system for an energy storage system

The present disclosure relates to a monitoring system for an energy storage system, an energy storage system comprising such a monitoring system, a vehicle comprising such an energy storage system and a manufacturing method for such a monitoring system. The monitoring system for an energy storage system comprises a plurality of energy storage cells comprising at least one stretchable electronic unit and a communication element. The stretchable electronic unit is arrangeable at least at one of the energy storage cells. The stretchable electronic unit is configured to generate data based on strain applied on the stretchable electronic unit. The communication element is integrated in the stretchable electronic unit and configured to transfer data generated by the stretchable electronic unit

A CABLE SYSTEM FOR CABLE CONDITION MONITORING

The present disclosure relates to a cable system for cable condition monitoring, a use of such a cable system, a method for manufacturing such a cable system, a method for operating such a cable system and a computer program element for operating such a cable system.The cable system comprises a first adapter unit, a first sleeve unit and a cable comprising at least a first end portion. The first adapter unit is connectable to an energy storage system and the cable is configured for transferring electric power to the first adapter unit. The first sleeve unit is arranged between the first adapter unit and the first end portion of the cable and configured for providing protection therebetween. The first sleeve unit comprises a first sensor unit configured for generating data based on strain exerted on the first sleeve unit. The first sensor unit comprises a first flexible electronic element extending at least partially to the first end portion of the cable